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Palestra
08/2024

Palestra
08/2024

Szanowni Czytelnicy!

W ósmym numerze „Palestry” w jubileuszowym roku obchodów 100-lecia Pisma Adwokatury Polskiej poddane analizie są różne współczesne problemy poszczególnych gałęzi prawa. Równocześnie w miesiącu sierpniu, w którym wydawany jest niniejszy numer „Palestry” należy pamiętać o 80. rocznicy wybuchu Powstania Warszawskiego. To również moment, w którym wspominamy nie tylko Powstańców Warszawskich, ale także ludność cywilną Warszawy, wśród których również nie brakowało bohaterów walczących o wolność Polski. Naszym obowiązkiem jako Adwokatury jest również pa- mięć o wszystkich Adwokatach i Aplikantach Adwokackich, którzy oddali swoje życie za wolność Ojczyzny i przekazywanie ich dziedzictwa kolejnym pokoleniom. W aktualnym numerze „Palestry” można przeczytać artykuły: adw. dr. Andrzeja Malickiego i apl. adw. Przemysława Krawczyka pt. Przyznanie się do popełnienia przestępstwa na etapie postępowania wykonawczego w kontekście warunkowego przedterminowego zwolnienia z odbywania reszty kary – prawo czy obowiązek?, dr Joanny Mucha-Kujawy pt. W kierunku ochrony prywatności w  erze  społeczeństwa  informacyjnego, adw. dr. Michała Pruska pt. Dopuszczalność cofnięcia i odstąpienia od wniosku o umorze- nie postępowania i zastosowanie środków zabezpieczających, apl. adw. Oskara Kubackiego pt.  O  częściowej  niekonstytucyjności  art.  233   §   1a   Kodeksu   karnego, adw. dr. Piotra Soroki pt. Wpływ postępowania karnego na postępowanie cywilne – zarys poglądów orzeczniczych i doktrynalnych, apl. radc. Tomasza Ślusarka pt. Charakter praw- ny umowy deweloperskiej w świetle nowej ustawy deweloperskiej. W numerze 8/2024 „Palestry” na Czytelników czekają glosy autorstwa adw. Michała Chmielowskiego pt. Glosa krytyczna do wyroków Sądu Najwyższego z 19.09.2023 r. (II CSKP 1627/22 oraz II CSKP 1495/22), a także mgr Eweliny Zander-Zięciny pt. Nieważność postanowień organu podatkowego w przedmiocie blokady rachunków bankowych podatnika – glosa aprobująca do wyroku Wojewódzkiego Sądu Administracyjnego w Poznaniu z dnia 10 lutego 2023 r. (I SA/po 696/22). Ponadto Czytelnicy kolejnego numeru „Palestry” będą mogli zapoznać się z najnowszym przeglądem orzecznictwa Europejskiego Trybunału Praw Człowieka autorstwa adw. Marka Antoniego Nowickiego, a także sprawozdaniem z konferencji naukowej pt. „Kodyfikacja prawa zobowiązań w Polsce międzywojennej. Wzorzec i kontynuacja we współczesnym prawie polskim, litewskim  i ukraińskim” autorstwa dr hab. Agnieszki Pyrzyńskiej, prof. UAM i Artura Pielorza.

Redaktor naczelny: Michał Bieniak; Sekretarz redakcji: Adam Kozień

Redaktor języka angielskiego: Anna Setkowicz

Członkowie Kolegium Redakcyjnego: Stanislav Balik, Zbigniew Banaszczyk, Jacek Barcik, Wojciech Bergier, Józef Forystek, Piotr Fiedorczyk, Lech Gardocki, Paweł Gieras, Roman Hauser, Joseph Hoffmann, Krzysztof Kostański, Andrzej Kubas, Jan Kuklewicz, Katalin Ligeti, Erik Luna, Frank Meyer, Kamila Mrozek, Dariusz Mucha, Marek Antoni Nowicki, Piotr Ochwat, Szymon Pawelec, Krzysztof Piesiewicz, Piotr Piesiewicz, Krzysztof Pietrzykowski, Jerzy Pisuliński, Paweł Podrecki, Janusz Raglewski, Anna Rakowska-Trela, Stanisław Rymar, Marek Safjan, Philippe Sands, Piotr Sendecki, Elżbieta Skowrońska, Tomasz Sójka, Monika Strus-Wołos, Maciej Szpunar, Dobrosława Szumiło-Kulczycka, Dariusz Świecki, Jaromir Tauchen, Stephen C. Thaman, Andrzej Tomaszek, Józef Wójcikiewicz, Maria Zabłocka, Stanisław Zabłocki, Jerzy Zajadło, Piotr Zientarski, Jerzy Zięba

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Table of contents

Warszawski sierpień
  • Michał Bieniak
Sprawozdanie z konferencji naukowej „Kodyfikacja prawa zobowiązań w Polsce międzywojennej. Wzorzec i kontynuacja we współczesnym prawie polskim, litewskim i ukraińskim”, Poznań, 14.06.2024 r.
Admission of being guilty of a crime at the stage of penal enforcement proceedings in the context of conditional early release from servaing the remainder of the sentence
  • Andrzej Malicki
  • Przemysław Krawczyk
This article is an attempt to answer the question whether maintaining that one is innocent can be considered a manifestation of lack of remorse and criticism towards the crime attributed to the convicted person, and therefore be a negative ground for granting conditional early release from serving the remainder of the sentence. The authors’ considerations focus on two issues, namely the diagnostic criteria of the criminological prognosis and the possibility of the defendant exercising the right to defence (in the substantive aspect) by presenting a line of defence that is different from – or even completely opposite to – the facts established in final court judgment(s) by virtue of which the person is serving the prison sentence. The considerations in this article allow us to reach the conclusion that the fact of admitting (or rather confirming) one’s guilt at the stage of penal enforcement proceedings is irrelevant to the possibility of making a positive criminological prognosis for the defendant, expressed in the belief that they will abide by the legal order, and in particular will not reoffend.
Towards privacy protection in the information society erav
In the information society of the digital age, privacy is exposed to previously unknown threats, obliging the legislator to provide privacy with effective legal protection. The understanding of privacy changes as the society evolves, and its protection should be adequate to the contemporary understanding of the sphere of privacy and the new emerging threats. The aim of the article is to show threats to interests in the spere of privacy goods resulting from the functionality of new technological devices (e.g. smartwatches) and to present the concept of privacy protection through a universal privacy right as a legal right with as broad a scope as possible.
Admissibility of withdrawal or renouncement of a request for discontinuation of proceedings and application of interim measures
  • Michał Prusek
This publication answers the question about the admissibility of the prosecu-tor withdrawing the request for discontinuation of proceedings and application of interim measures, or about the admissibility of the prosecutor refraining from supporting this request. By the resolution of the panel of seven judges of the Supreme Court, issued on 26 September 2002 (I KZP 13/02), the Court recogni-zed the prosecutor›s right to withdraw the above-mentioned request. However, the Court based its position on the premise that there are no grounds for applying by analogy Article 14(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure to the request for discontinuation of proceedings and application of protective measures. It should be recalled that under Article 14(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure, a public prosecutor could only renounce the prosecution. On 1 July 2015, an amendment to Article 14(2) of the Code of Criminal Procedure entered into force, as a result of which this provision currently authorizes the prosecutor to withdraw the indict-ment. The change in regulations makes the resolution issued by the panel of seven Supreme Court judges obsolete, and thus opens the room for renewed discourse on the permissible forms of a prosecutor›s resignation from supporting a request for discontinuation of proceedings and application of interim measures.
On the partial unconstitutionality of Article 233(1a)of the Polish Criminal Code
The aim of this article is to analyse of constitutionality of the norm expressed by Article 233(1a) of the Polish Criminal Code. In this norm, the legislator pe-nalizes the offence of giving false testimony out of fear of criminal liability of the perpetrator. The author of the article makes an attempt to answer the question whether this norm is in conformity with the constitutional right to defence. In the author’s opinion, the norm expressed by Article 233(1a) of the Polish Criminal Code is partially unconstitutional.
The impact of criminal proceedings on civil proceedings – an outline of case law and doctrinal views
  • Piotr Soroka
The article focuses on the problems connected with mutual interference between criminal proceedings and civil proceedings. The author tries to expound the views expressed in case law and legal scholarship on some basic, yet pivotal, problems in this regard. This article is just a short overview of such matters as the extent to which a civil court is bound by a criminal judgment (especially with respect to compensation measures), suspension of civil proceedings because of pending criminal proceedings, consequences of detection of offences for the possibility of resumption of civil proceedings, and the court’s obligations if an offence is ascertained in the course of civil proceedings.
Legal nature of the real estate development agreement in light of the new Real Estate Development Law
This paper analyses the legal nature of a disposition contract entered into in the execution of a real estate development agreement in light of the new real estate development law, comparing it with a sales contract as regulated the Civil Code. The main problem boils down to determining whether it is a contract with only an in rem effect, i.e. transferring ownership, or a contract with a double effect of obliging and disposing, i.e. obliging one party to transfer ownership and at the same time transferring that ownership in the performance of the obligation. The conclusions drawn from the study indicate that the development agreement under current law cannot be considered a contract of sale of a future thing, since the sale of a future thing has a dispositive effect. However, it should be borne in mind that according to Article 155(2) of the Civil Code, transfer of possession is also needed for transfer of ownership. Meanwhile, a development agreement, even if possession of the ordered premises is transferred to the purchaser in accordance with said agreement, cannot produce a dispositive effect, since it only constitutes a contract providing for the obligation to transfer ownership.
Critical commentary on judgments of the Supreme Court of 19 September 2023 (II CSKP 1627/22 and II CSKP 1495/22)
Both Supreme Court judgments discussed in this commentary address the issue of defects in loan agreements indexed to the CHF exchange rate. In these cases, the entrepreneurs used unfair contractual terms in their relationships with consumers, allowing said entrepreneurs to unilaterally determine the amount of the weaker counterparty’s liability without simultaneously specifying the criteria or mechanism for determining the foreign currency exchange rate in the contract. As identical panels heard both cases pending before the Supreme Court and similar arguments were presented, including the Supreme Court advocating the need for national courts to apply Article 56 of the Civil Code when addressing the consequences of abusive contractual terms, these judgments will be discussed together in this commentary. The legal views expressed in the discussed judgments, primarily concerning the legal nature of the sanction of abusive provisions being non-binding, as provided for in Article 385¹(1) of the Civil Code, and the relationship of this sanction to domestic civil law institutions, including the norm of Article 56 of the Civil Code, should be considered as contradicting the principle of the primacy of Community law and neglecting the need to interpret national law in conformity with EU law (the so-called consistent interpretation). Consequently, in my opinion, these views are erroneous and inconsistent with the extensive case law developed over the years by both national courts: the Constitutional Tribunal and the Supreme Court, as well as by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU). The approach advocated in the discussed judgments, which requires the national court to validate the defective contractual term in to maintain validity of the obligation, has been definitively rejected with respect to CHF loan agreements - in the operative part of the judgment of the full bench of the Civil Chamber of the Supreme Court dated 25 April 2024 (III CZP 25/22).
Invalidity of a tax authority’s decision to block a taxpayer›s bank accounts. Approving commentary on judgment of the Provincial Administrative Court in Poznań of 10 February 2023 (I SA/PO 696/22)
The purpose of this commentary is to evaluate the judgment of the Provincial Administrative Court in Poznań of 10 February 2023 concerning the decision of the Director of the Revenue Administration Chamber upholding the decision of the Head of the Customs and Fiscal Office on the extension of a block on the bank account of a constituent entity („long block”) due to the existence of a risk of the constituent entity using the financial sector for tax fraud, made on the basis of transitional provisions (Article 119 of the Tax Ordinance Act in conjunction with Article 7(11) and Article 28(2) of the Act of 8 June 2022 on Amending Certain Acts in Order to Automate the Handling of Certain Cases by the National Revenue Administration (Journal of Laws 2022, item 1301 – the “Amending Act”). The main issue taken up by the court in the said ruling is the competence of the authority which imposed the block on the bank accounts of the constituent entity and which was not vested with the power to issue a decision to that effect. The court ruling in this case not only interpreted the individual provisions directly relating to the competence of the authorities blocking bank accounts, but, first and foremost, drew attention to the so-called legislative techniques used in the Polish legal system. This commentary presents the current case law.

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