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Palestra
07/2024

Palestra
07/2024

Szanowni Czytelnicy!

W siódmym numerze „Palestry” w jubileuszowym roku obchodów 100-lecia Pisma Adwokatury Polskiej dominują kwestie związane z pracą i wykonywaniem zawodu adwokata, a także wątki karnistyczne związane z aktualnymi problemami i wy- zwaniami w obszarze prawa karnego. W aktualnym numerze „Palestry” można prze- czytać artykuły: adw. Piotra Rachwała pt. Aksjologia roty ślubowania adwokackiego i pojęcie pracy adwokata, prof. dr. hab. Jana Widackiego oraz dr Anny Szuba-Boroń pt. Czy zmiana trybu ścigania przestępstwa zgwałcenia osiągnęła zamierzony skutek?, dr. hab. Szymona Tarapaty pt. Wybrane uwagi o standardach przypisywania sprawstwa przestępstw fakturowych związanych z działalnością zorganizowanej grupy przestępczej, dr Dominiki Bek - O (nie)dopuszczalności skierowania sprawy karnej do mediacji na etapie postępowania przygotowawczego w fazie in rem, adw. Małgorzaty Gemen pt. Odrzucenie spadku w imieniu małoletniego – aspekt transgraniczny a nowelizacja art. 101 kodeksu rodzinnego i opiekuńczego, adw. dr. Jarosława Marciniaka pt. Ochrona trwałości stosunku pracy osób odbywających czynną służbę wojskową, a także Michaliny Kruszyńskiej pt. Wykorzystanie prawniczych spółek kapitałowych jako innowacyjna forma wykonywania zawodu adwokata i radcy prawnego. Ponadto w numerze 7/2024 „Palestry” na Czytelników w dziale Szpalty pamięci czeka wspomnienie o adw. Jakubie Jacynie autorstwa adw. Wojciecha Bergiera.

Redaktor naczelny: Michał Bieniak; Sekretarz redakcji: Adam Kozień

Redaktor języka angielskiego: Anna Setkowicz

Członkowie Kolegium Redakcyjnego: Stanislav Balik, Zbigniew Banaszczyk, Jacek Barcik, Wojciech Bergier, Józef Forystek, Piotr Fiedorczyk, Lech Gardocki, Paweł Gieras, Roman Hauser, Joseph Hoffmann, Krzysztof Kostański, Andrzej Kubas, Jan Kuklewicz, Katalin Ligeti, Erik Luna, Frank Meyer, Kamila Mrozek, Dariusz Mucha, Marek Antoni Nowicki, Piotr Ochwat, Szymon Pawelec, Krzysztof Piesiewicz, Piotr Piesiewicz, Krzysztof Pietrzykowski, Jerzy Pisuliński, Paweł Podrecki, Janusz Raglewski, Anna Rakowska-Trela, Stanisław Rymar, Marek Safjan, Philippe Sands, Piotr Sendecki, Elżbieta Skowrońska, Tomasz Sójka, Monika Strus-Wołos, Maciej Szpunar, Dobrosława Szumiło-Kulczycka, Dariusz Świecki, Jaromir Tauchen, Stephen C. Thaman, Andrzej Tomaszek, Józef Wójcikiewicz, Maria Zabłocka, Stanisław Zabłocki, Jerzy Zajadło, Piotr Zientarski, Jerzy Zięba

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Table of contents

Neminem captivabimus nisi iure victum
  • Michał Bieniak
The axiology of the oath of an advocate and the notion of an advocate’s work
  • Piotr Rachwał
The paper discusses the values embodied in the oath of an advocate, which has to be taken as a prerequisite for entering this profession. Said values include: dignity, honesty, fairness and social justice, and an advocate should hold to them in both their professional and private life. Even though the aforementioned values are often invoked in the professional milieu, as well as before the disciplinary judiciary, their meaning has not yet been the subject of a broader discussion. Furthermore, the article discusses qualities such as reliability and dedication, which should characterize both the performance of duties by and the work of an advocate. Attention is drawn to the fact that such statutory requirements carry contractual consequences, as well as have a bearing on the assessment of the standard of diligence. In addition, an attempt is made at defining the advocate›s work, with references to both the subject and goals of the advocate’s activities, while taking into account the general human needs of the advocate as a human being. The article draws both from legal and extra-legal sources, especially philosophical ones. The article was created primarily with reference to the deontological ethics of the profession of an advocate, which can further assist the disciplinary judiciary in evaluating the examined cases through the prism of faithfulness to the contents of the oath of an advocate.
Has the change in rape prosecution model achieved the intended effect?
  • Jan Widacki
The article discusses the essence of the institution of “prosecution upon the complaint from the victim”, its significance and the justification of its introduction. It subsequently assesses the effects of changing the rape prosecution model from prosecution upon the victim’s complaint to prosecution ex officio, from the perspective of eight years since the change took effect, as the shift was legally mandated in 2014. The rationale behind the change has been widely debated in legal literature. The need for such a change was mainly justified by increasing the protection of the women’s interests in relevant proceedings and improving disclosure rate of these crimes so as to reduce the dark figure of rapes. It was assumed that prosecuting rapes upon the complaint from the victim discouraged victims from reporting such crimes and that, for this reason, changing the model of prosecution so as to move away from prosecution upon the victim’s complaint would result in a greater number of reported rapes and consequently reduce the dark figure of rapes. Yet an analysis of statistical data demonstrates that changing the model of prosecution did not affect the number of confirmed cases of rape, which is steadily decreasing. The fact that, from 2005 onwards, the number of investigations into rape cases has been far higher than that of confirmed offences of rape, with a steady increase in number of cases closed due to the failure to establish legal offence, may indicate a change in prosecution policy or expediting the decisions to report rape. However, the fact that the trend started to change as early as in 2005 implies that it was not a consequence of the amendment and change in the model of prosecution.
Selected remarks on the standards for attributing criminal liability for invoice-related offences related to the activities of an organised criminal group
  • Szymon Tarapata
In prosecutorial and judicial practice, there is a noticeable tendency to attribute criminal liability for invoice-related offences committed in connection with the operation of an organised criminal group in a way that may raise serious doubts from the perspective of interpretative standards that should be adhered to in a democratic state. It happens that prosecutors and courts, taking shortcuts, abuse certain normative constructs (primarily the continuous offence under Article 12(1) of the Criminal Code) and apply unacceptable simplifications and presumptions. The purpose of this paper is to express strong opposition to such practices and to remind how criminal liability for offences committed in connection with the operation of an organised criminal group should be attributed when such offences are committed in various forms of criminal collaboration (primarily complicity and aiding and abetting).
On (in)admissibility of referring a criminal case to mediation at the stage of preparatory proceedings in rem
Victim-offender mediation has been functioning in Poland since 1998. Al-though the codifiers of criminal law assumed that the most appropriate time for mediation is preparatory proceedings, statistics show that prosecutors’ interest in this institution is negligible. Practitioners signal that the possibility of referring cases to mediation before the charges are brought would change this situation. The author critically analyses this thesis in light of the principles of mediation and criminal procedure.
Repudiation of an inheritance on behalf of a minor: cross-border aspect and amendment to Article 101 of the Polish Family and Guardianship Code
The article discusses issues related to the repudiation of an inheritance on behalf of minor persons with permanent residence in Germany, in a situation where the rules of inheritance are regulated by the Polish legal order. The analysis focuses on the issue of obtaining permission from the family court to carry out an act that exceeds the scope of ordinary administration of the child’s property, i.e. a matter of the law on parent-child relations, as well as the procedure of inheritance repudiation, i.e. a matter of inheritance law.
Protection of stability of an employment relationship of persons performing active military duty
One of the claims an employee is entitled to after being reinstated to work by an award of a labour court is the right to claim remuneration for the time when they remained unemployed. The scope of this claim depends, inter alia, on whether the reinstated employee enjoys statutory protection against termination of the subsequently restored employment relationship. If the employee does not belong to the category of protected persons, he/she may claim remuneration for the period of no more than three months, whereas if he/she is the so-called protected employee, he/she may count on remuneration for the whole time of remaining unemployed, which in practice usually covers periods longer than three months. The article presents considerations on the protection against termination of employment relationship of employees performing active military duty. It discusses issues related to the legal permissibility of particular forms of termination of the employment contract. The article presents interpretative doubts concerning the period for which an employee may claim remuneration for remaining unemployed and proposes legislative amendments.
The use of legal corporate entities as an innovative form of practicing the professions of advocates and attorneys at law
The current Polish legal framework imposes restrictions on the choice of forms of professional practice for advocates and attorneys at law. This article examines the rationale behind the prohibition of advocates and attorneys at law establishing companies, assessing its proportionality, necessity, and compliance with the law. The author argues that allowing these two professions to set up companies could enhance growth and competitiveness, in view of the growing competition from unregulated legal consultancies and foreign corporate law firms. The article proposes a detailed regulatory approach that harmonizes economic freedom, professional practice, and market dynamics.
Adwokat Jakub Jacyna 1963-2024

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