The review presents the most significant and recent Supreme Court decisions, which are of a great practical value. The review was divided into two parts: the first part contains a brief summary of the most recent Supreme Court decisions, while the second part contains comments on particular rulings concerning: 1) the possibility of claiming a liquidated damages (contractual penalty) in a case of a termination of contract, arising from non-performance or improper performance of a pecuniary obligation 2) assignments of claims and the reimbursement of the cost of private expertise referring to the scope of the insurer liability under the compulsory third-party liability motor insurance, 3) consequences of a stipulated modification clause in the credit agreement concluded in a foreign currency and 4) the right of action to claim a damages for a non-agreed usage of a property.