The article concerns a new extraordinary remedy against final judgments (skarga nadzwyczajna) introduced by the Law on the Supreme Court of 2017. The new remedy raises serious concerns as to its influence on the principles of legal certainty and res iudicata. The author underlined the vagueness and broad scope of the new extraordinary appeal. It may be brought inter alia, if there was a „violation of principles or human rights and freedoms enshrined in the Constitution”. This allows the entitled subjects (i.e. the General Prosecutor and the Ombudsman) to invoke the constitutional principle of respect of international law (Article 9 of the Polish Constitution) and indicate a presumed violation of the European Convention of Human Rights if such a violation resulted from a final domestic judgment. The article also deals with the relation between the new extraordinary remedy and the right of individual application to the European Court of Human Rights.